Assessment of Quality Circles of Engineering Colleges

Vol.8 No.1

Year: 2012

Issue: August-October

Title: Assessment of Quality Circles of Engineering Colleges   

Author Name: Debaprayag Chaudhuri, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh   

Synopsis:   

The aim of this study was to assess and compare suitability of ‘quality circles’ in a variety of Engineering Colleges. Specifically, each ‘quality circle’ consisted of faculty, plus technical and support staff in the Computer Science departments. The Engineering Colleges (n=10) were randomly chosen and consisted of both government (n=2) and private colleges (n=8). The quality circle volunteers were provided with a self-report questionnaire (n=35), which was based on four divisions of: Student focus, Direction, Understanding & Accountability. To collate and classify the study, the respondent’s answers were ranked in a quantified hierarchy from True to False — typical Likert scale, and the results collated to assess the team effectiveness of each college through its quality circle.

 

Anomalous dispersion in backwater river flows analyzed by a numerical stochastic approach

Vol.8 No.1

Year: 2012

Issue: August-October

Title: Anomalous dispersion in backwater river flows analyzed by a numerical stochastic approach   

Author Name: Marilena Pannone                                        

Synopsis:   

The article focuses on the analytical/numerical modelling of the solute transport taking place within large rivers flowing through wide alluvial plains, and characterized by a weak bed slope, near the confluence into large reservoirs collecting water for potable or agricultural destinations. The aim of the study is represented by the analysis of the effect that the macroscopic morphological features of the channel induce on the hydrodynamic dispersion of effluents accidentally injected along its course, when a downstream obstacle can critically slow down the flow, preventing the dilution of the solutes. A recent work (Yudianto & Yuebo, 2008) has dealt with the problem resorting to a Eulerian numerical approach, and coming to the conclusion that, in the most part of the gradually varying steady flows, the adoption of a single velocity value (i.e. the corresponding uniform-flow section average) is sufficient to represent them even in terms of pollutants dispersion. Present work analyzes the dispersive properties of non uniform fluvial streams by an analytical-numerical stochastic Lagrangian approach and identifies the existence of a characteristic travel time, which is function of bed slope and width to depth ratio, beyond which the longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion undergoes a clear and potentially dangerous regress. 

Numerical Simulation of Multistage Flotation Process for Wastewater Cleanup

Vol.8 No.1

Year: 2012

Issue: August-October

Title: Numerical Simulation of Multistage Flotation Process for Wastewater Cleanup   

Author Name: Yasser Rihan   

Synopsis:   

In order to effectively remove mixed types of pollutants, including fine solids, emulsified oil and dissolved chemicals, a multi-stage loop-flow flotation column (MSTLFLO) has been developed. In this study, a numerical model was used to simulate wastewater system containing emulsified mineral oil and suspended particles (powdered activated carbon or glass beads) using the MSTLFLO flotation column. Results show that the separation efficiencies of emulsified oil and fine particles are greater than 90%. A process simulation program based on the classic tank-in-series model has been established. Experimental results for the removal of both individual and mixed components in MSTLFLO process for different authors are shown to be in excellent agreement with values predicted by the numerical simulation. The findings of this study are intended to provide an engineering design basis in exploring future applications of the MSTLFLO flotation process for industrial wastewater treatment.

Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent

Vol.8 No.1

Year: 2012

Issue: August-October

Title: Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent   

Author Name: Padma Sree R, D. Krishna   

Synopsis:   

Chromium has been widely used in various industries like textile, leather, chemical manufacture, metal finishing, paint industry and many other industries. Since hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess, it is very much required to remove chromium from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of hexavalent chromium by adsorption on the Ragi husk powder as adsorbent has been investigated in the batch experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior is described by a both pseudo first order and second order kinetics. The maximum metal uptake is found to be 43.478 mg/g. The morphology on the surface of adsorbents and also the confirmation of chromium binding on adsorbent surface at different stages were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results obtained in this study illustrate that Ragi husk powder is an effective and economically viable adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from industrial waste water.

Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquid

 Vol.8 No.1

Year: 2012

Issue: August-October

Title: Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquid   

Author Name: Kailas L. Wasewar   

Synopsis: 

Now-a-days it is mandatory to provide the low sulfur liquid fuel due to environmental regulation by various countries for the transportation sector which is the big challenge for worldwide refineries. In present paper extractive desulfurization using ionic liquids has been discussed. It is an alternative process for the high energy intensive HDS technology for deep-desulfurization (less than 50 ppm sulfur). Various aspects of the process has been discussed such as extraction time, fuel to ionic liquid ratio, extraction mechanism, and regeneration along with process consideration. 

Modelling of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Performance Evaluation

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Modelling of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell for Performance Evaluation                   

Author Name: Naveen K. Shrivastavaa, Shashikant B. Thombreb , Kailas L. Wasewar   

Synopsis:   

The passive DMFC is a multiphase system involving simultaneous mass, charge and energy transfer. To make this complex system simpler a one-dimensional, steady state, isothermal model has been developed. This model considers mass transfer effects along with the electrochemical reaction. The model was validated with available experimental data. The model result for polarization curve was found in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The model can be used for improving DMFC understanding and optimize fuel cell design. Even if presented model contains several simplified assumptions, it efficiently describes mass transfer phenomena in a passive DMFC, when different operating parameters are varied on large scale.

Application of Statistical Analysis System for Explosives Effects of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Application of Statistical Analysis System for Explosives Effects of Camouflet Deep-Hole Charges   

Author Name: U. F. Nasirov, Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov   

Synopsis:   

In this paper the authors present the results of the experimental study of the radius change of explosive effect and the depths of ground compaction at the blast of camouflet deep-hole charges depending on their mass and depth of their lay, besides their compaction level and types of SAS solution at different levels of flowing ground compaction.  Additionally, for the calculation of radius change of explosive effect for camouflet deep-hole charges, we developed a special engineering technique as well as for the depth of flowing ground compaction while using different types of SAS solution. 

Removal of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Removal of Chromium From Aqueous-Solution By Limonia-Acidissima Hull Powder As Adsorbent   

Author Name: D. Krishna, Padma Sree R   

Synopsis:   

Chromium has been widely used in various industries like textile, leather, chemical manufacture, metal finishing, paint industry and many other industries. Since hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess, it is very much required to remove chromium from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of hexavalent chromium by adsorption on the Limonia Acidissima hull powder as adsorbent has been investigated in the batch experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior is described by a both pseudo first order and second order kinetics. The maximum metal uptake is found to be 20.408 mg/g.

Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Study The Effect Of Laser And Ultrasound On The Healing Of Bones Fractures                    

Author Name: Munqith S. Dawood, Farah Wael , Fadel Habeeb                            

Synopsis:   

Laser therapy and ultrasound waves play an important role in accelerating the healing process of different types of tissues lesions including bone tissue. The effect of both laser and ultrasound on bone fracture healing was studied and evaluated in this paper. The Nd:YAG (1064 nm wavelength, 135 mW power) and diode laser (637 nm wavelength, 250 mW power) lasers with ultrasound of 1 MHz frequency and  50 mW/cm2 power intensity were used in this study. A preliminary study on 12 young male albino rates was performed to evaluate the attenuation coefficients of the laser and ultrasound together as they passing through the tissues of skin, muscle and bone. This study showed how much the ultrasound increases the penetration of laser power through these tissues. The laser energy distribution contours in the skin and muscle to reach the bone were also calculated mathematically using finite difference equations on MATLAB version7. The histological assessments of using Nd:YAG laser with ultrasound  on the bone fracture  healing  showed faster healing  than using laser alone and both of these results were better than the healing without laser irradiation.

Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effects On Unsteady Mhd Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Chemical Reaction and Radiation Effects On Unsteady Mhd Free Convection Flow Near A Moving Vertical Plate  

Author Name: Tavva Sudhakar Reddy, S.V.K. Varma , Dr.M.C. Raju   

Synopsis:   

In this paper a mathematical model is presented for an unsteady flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, and laminar, free convective boundary layer flow of a continuously moving infinite vertical plate in a radiative and chemically reactive medium in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The governing equations are solved by the method of Laplace transform technique and the expressions for velocity, temperature, and concentration have been obtained. The derived parameters such as skin friction, rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number and the rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number using the basic parameters, and Further, the effects of various physical parameters like magnetic parameter M, Grashof number Gr, modified Grashof number Gm, heat source parameter H, the chemical reaction parameter Kc, Schmidt number and Radiation parameter F on fluid flow are studied through graphs.

Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) Facilities In Baghdads’ Hospitals

Vol.7 No.4

Year: 2012

Issue: May-July

Title: Planning And Designing Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) Facilities In Baghdads’ Hospitals   

Author Name: Hassanain Ali Lafta Mossa   

Synopsis:   

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a clinically valuable medical imaging modality due to its exceptional soft-tissue contrast. Increased use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scanners for medical diagnosis in hospitals, clinics, and freestanding facilities heightens the need for consideration of the structural and safety requirements for this equipment. The objective of this paper is to describe the management plan and engineering design process used to achieve a safe, functional, supportive and effective environment for patients, staff members and other individuals who are involved with the use of the vital medical imaging equipment of Magnetic Resonance in Baghdad's Hospitals. This was satisfied through making comparison study of these existed units according to the recommended standards. The obtained conclusions and suggestions are of paramount importance about the factors affecting the performance of the MRI systems used in three of Baghdads' major hospitals, which are Al-Kadhemyia Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Special Surgeries Hospital of Baghdad's Medical City. Constructional elements of the basic components of the MRI unit were specified to achieve necessary shielding of the electromagnetic field radiation that may answer the technical question about the shortage in performance of MRI System in those hospitals. The design of and access to adjacent spaces was also considered in the design of such units which will further minimize the hazards to patients, staff and health care institutions.

Application of Gibbs Free Energy Minimization method using Spreadsheets to Predict Equilibrium Conversions in a Claus Reaction Furnace

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Application of Gibbs Free Energy Minimization method using Spreadsheets to Predict Equilibrium Conversions in a Claus Reaction Furnace   

Author Name: Utkarsh Ujjwal, Rahul Sikka , BALAJI GULGULE, Tanmay Taraphdar , M.K.E. Prasad   

Synopsis:   

This article presents a method to predict the equilibrium composition and temperature of a reaction mixture in gas phase as found in the reaction furnace of the Claus Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU). The proposed method is useful for process design as well as plant performance optimization. An expression for the Gibbs free energy of the system in terms of temperature is derived by using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state. Temperature correlations for Gibbs free energy of formation of various components in the reaction mixture are obtained using standard heat capacity (Cp) temperature correlations. Initial assumption for the furnace outlet temperature is made to calculate the value for the Gibbs free energy of the system. Solver function minimizes this value by varying the composition of the outlet stream using mathematical optimization methods for non-linear systems. The outlet stream composition corresponding to this value is the equilibrium composition as the Gibbs free energy of a system reaches minimum at equilibrium. Application of Gibbs free energy minimization method using the Solver feature present in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program is found to predict effectively the equilibrium composition and temperature of the outlet streams of reaction mixtures in three plant case studies of Claus Sulphur Recovery Unit.

Synthesis of algal oil methyl ester from microalgae and analyzing the transesterification rate (RP 4)

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Synthesis of algal oil methyl ester from microalgae and analyzing the transesterification rate (RP 4)   

Author Name: Hariram V, G. Mohan Kumar   

Synopsis:   

The main objective of this paper is to develop and standardize the production method of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina sp.) and to transform the algal oil to biodiesel by transesterification. The development of technique for the production of algal oil involves  following three steps. The primary step is the preparation of BG 11 medium for the growth of micro algae. The second step involves the harvesting and extraction of the algal biomass using hexane and ether solvents and the reaction is maintained at 60oc for 24 hrs. The final step is the transesterification of the extracted algal oil using Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alkaline catalyst and methanol at 75oc for 48 hrs. The fatty acid methyl ester thus produced is separated from glycerin using an inverted separator. The physio-chemical properties were found to be within ASTM standards. 

Elimination of Non-monotonicity of Variance Estimate in Weighted Overlap Segment Averaging

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Elimination of Non-monotonicity of Variance Estimate in Weighted Overlap Segment Averaging   

Author Name: Moram venkatanarayana, Mahaboob Pasha , Jayachandra Prasad Talari   

Synopsis:   

The most popular method of nonparametric spectral density is the Weighted Segment Overlap Averaging (WOSA). Because of the unequal weighting of observed samples, its variance estimate is non monotonic function of fraction of overlap. Simple theoretical analysis of the mean and the variance of the WOSA have been presented nicely. Selecting the optimal fraction of overlap, which minimizes the variance, is in general difficult since it depends on the window used. The main objective in this paper is to avoid the nonmonotonic behavior of the variance for the Welch power spectrum estimator (PSE) by introducing circular overlap to the Welch method. With slight modification, the mean and the variance of Welch Circular Overlap Segment Averaging (WCOSA) have been presented. With the help of simulation, the performance evaluations of WOSA and WCOSA have been presented and finally, it is observed that the variance estimate based on WCOSA is a monotonically decreasing function of the fraction of overlap

Analytical Expression for Dispersion Properties of Circular Core Dielectric Waveguide without computing (d^2 ß)/(dk^2 ) Numerically

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Analytical Expression for Dispersion Properties of Circular Core Dielectric Waveguide without computing (d^2 ß)/(dk^2 ) Numerically   

Author Name: S. K. Raghuwanshi, S. Kumar   

Synopsis:   

Waveguide dispersion can be tailored but not the material dispersion. Hence the total dispersion can be shifted at any desired band by adjusting the waveguide dispersion. Waveguide dispersion is proportional to  and need to be found numerically. In this paper we have tried to compute analytical expression for  in terms of .  To compute  accurately,  should be accurate enough up to  decimal point. This constraint sometimes generates the error in calculation of waveguide dispersion. In this paper we have tried to compute analytical expression for  in terms of . It reveals that we can compute waveguide dispersion enough accurately for various modes having known only -

Experimental Investigation of Optimum Parameters for Turning of Al 6061-10% ZrB2 Metal Matrix Composite Using Desirability Analysis

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Experimental Investigation of Optimum Parameters for Turning of Al 6061-10% ZrB2 Metal Matrix Composite Using Desirability Analysis   

Author Name: N. Muthukrishnan   

Synopsis:   

Aluminum matrix composite is the innovation of high performance material technology and it has superior interfacial integrity and thermodynamic stability between the matrix and reinforcement. Making the engineering components from this composite material require machining operations. Therefore, addressing the mach inability issues of the composite is very important. This paper proposes an approach to optimize the machining parameters in turning of Al 6061-10% ZrB2 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) with performance characteristics by using desirability analysis. The effect of ZrB2 reinforcement particles on machinability behavior need to be studied. The machining parameters, namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics including surface roughness and power consumed. It is concluded that the feed rate has the strongest effect. The confir­mation experiment indicates that there is a good agreement between the estimated value and experimental Value of the desirability function grade

Need for Utilization of Alcohol as a Fuel in India

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012

Issue: February-April      

Title: Need for Utilization of Alcohol as a Fuel in India   

Author Name: Avinash Pawar   

Synopsis:   

“It is not the strongest of the species that survive, not the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. ”__ Charles Darwin With increasing gap between the energy requirement of the industrialized world and inability to replenish such needs from the limited sources of energy like fossil fuels, an ever increasing levels of greenhouse pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels in turn aggravate the perils of global warming and energy crisis. Motor vehicles account for a significant portion of urban air pollution in much of the developing world. The paper describes  how bio-fuels are important because they replace petroleum fuels. A number of environmental and economic benefits are claimed for bio-fuels. Bio-ethanol is by far the most widely used bio-fuel for transportation worldwide. Production of bio-ethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. Using bio-ethanol blended gasoline fuel for automobiles can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust greenhouse gas emission.

Progress and Perspectives in Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Operating with Concentrated Methanol

Vol.7 No.3

Year: 2012                

Issue: February-April      

Title: Progress and Perspectives in Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Operating with Concentrated Methanol 

Author Name: Naveen K. Shrivastavaa, Shashikant B. Thombreb , Kailas L. Wasewar   

Synopsis:   

A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) directly converts the chemical energy stored in methanol to electricity. DMFCs have received considerable attention as a new power source for electric portable devices because of their high theoretical energy densities. In particular, passive DMFCs can provide a higher energy density then active one, since they do not need pumps for fuel feeding and blowers for air breathing. However, the actual energy density of the passive DMFCs under development is still far from that expected because of the methanol crossover (MCO) and the high overvoltage at the electrode. Due to the MCO, the passive DMFCs usually show the highest performance at low concentrations of methanol about 5M under passive conditions and that’s why diluted methanol (3M-5M) is used in the fuel cartridge. Filling the fuel reservoir with a low-methanol concentration means that the specific energy of the fuel cell system is low, which not only leads to a short operation time for each fuel charge, but also results in a rapid decrease in the pre-set methanol concentration in the fuel reservoir. Hence, filling in the fuel reservoir with a high-methanol concentration is desired, as it increases the volumetric energy density and discharging time of the DMFC system. This paper focuses on the progress and current status of research in the passive DMFCs fed with concentrated methanol. The paper reviews more than 40 journal and conference papers in this area and will be very useful to the researchers working in this direction.

Improving Prediction Accuracy in Health Care Data Mining Using Weighted Associative Classifiers

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Improving Prediction Accuracy in Health Care Data Mining Using Weighted Associative Classifiers 

Author Name  : sunita soni, O.P. Vyas 

Synopsis  : 

Associative classifiers are new classification approach that use association rules for classification. An important advantage of these classification systems is that, using Association Rule Mining (ARM) they are able to examine several features at a time. While other state of art methods like decision tree or naïve bays classifiers consider that feature is independent of each other. Many applications can benefit from good classification model. Associative classifiers are especially fit to applications where the model may assist the domain experts in their decisions. Medical diagnosis is a domain where the maximum accuracy of the model is desired. In this paper, we propose a framework (associative classifier) that uses weighted association rule mining (WARM). In any prediction model all attributes do not have same importance in predicting the class label. So different weights can be assigned to different attributes according to their predicting capability. Experiments have been performed using three Medical data set  (UCI Machine learning dataset) and the results reveal that by assigning weight to the attributes the prediction accuracy improves. The average accuracy is better as compare to other associative classifiers i.e. CBA, CMAR and CPAR. The result reveals that WAC is a promising alternative in medical prediction and certainly deserves further attention.

Watermarking of 3D Color images in Eigen lsb approach

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Watermarking of 3D Color images in Eigen lsb approach 

Author Name  : sakshi shrivastava, Siddhartha Choubey 

Synopsis  : 

Digital data are so widely used because they are easy to store, transfer and duplicate with high quality. However, the convenience also facilitates the access of malicious users to produce unauthenticated and pirate copies of the original work. There are two typical digital data protection techniques: cryptography and watermarking. Watermarking can be used both in transmission and for data usage. In addition, cryptography aims to modify every single bit of the original data. In Digital Watermarking the aim is to embed a code consisting of bits into a cover media, representing image, audio, video or graphics information. Digital watermarking is generally considered as a copyright protection technique. In this paper we propose free-view watermarking, this method mainly focuses on the watermark insertion and extraction stages for the static scenes, consisting of only a single object which forms the fundamental case in the development of IBR technology. As a future research direction, the extension of the solution for dynamic scenes with multiple objects could be examined, in which different rendering and interpolation techniques are being used.

Removal of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Using Coconut Shell Powder

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Removal of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Using Coconut Shell Powder 

Author Name  : V. Yesuratnam, Deepa Meghavathu, Padma Sree R 

Synopsis  : 

In the present work, coconut shell powder obtained from waste coconut shells was used to remove a textile dye-Methylene Blue [MB] from an aqueous solution by adsorption technique under varying conditions of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The dye adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process. Experimental results showed that increase in contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and decrease in initial dye concentration, adsorbent size favored the adsorption. The dye adsorption equilibrium was attained at 40 minutes of contact time. Equilibrium data are mathematically modeled using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics of Methylene Blue has also been studied in terms of pseudo- first- order and pseudo- second order. In order to predict the nature of the adsorption, free energy of adsorption (?G), change in enthalpy (?H) and entropy change (?S) were estimated. The results confirmed that the coconut shell powder is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dye, Methylene Blue.

Experimental Investigation on Transesterification Efficiency of Calophyllum Inophyllum Biodiesel

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Experimental Investigation on Transesterification Efficiency of Calophyllum Inophyllum Biodiesel 

Author Name  : Hariram V, G. Mohan Kumar 

Synopsis  : 

In this study, Calophyllum inophyllum (Punnai) seed oil is used to obtain biodiesel through a two step base catalyzed transesterification process. CIO generally contains a 12% of free fatty acids which interrupts the transesterification reaction and results in the formation of soap. In the first step, the FFA content is reduced to 2% by adding 0.1% sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol. In the second step, the product of the first is mixed with Potassium hydroxide to form mono methyl ester and glycerol. It is observed that the physio-chemical properties of CIOME lie closely within the ASTM standards with a significant variation in calorific value. The study confirms that CIOME can be a suitable alternative for petro-diesel.

Radiation and Mass Transfer Effects on a Free Convection Flow through A Porous Medium Title : Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Femur Bone by Thermal Decomposition Method

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Radiation and Mass Transfer Effects on a Free Convection Flow through A Porous Medium Title  : Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Femur Bone by Thermal Decomposition Method 

Author Name  : Albert E. Yousif, Muna Kareem 

Synopsis  : 

Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; abbreviated as HAp] is an inorganic compound whose chemical composition is similar to the composition of bone. It is a material used for biomedical applications such as a bone substitute material in orthopedics and dentistry due to its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconduction properties. The aim of the research is to investigate the possibility of extracting hydroxyapatite powder from the bovine’s bone. All the tests were carried out on the powder prepared by burning bovine’s femur and then using heat treatment for the bone ash. X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, and atomic absorption spectroscopy were used to test the resulted powder. The results showed that the extracted white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any other organic components of the bone.

Radiation and Mass Transfer Effects on a Free Convection Flow through A Porous Medium Bounded by a Vertical Surface

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Radiation and Mass Transfer Effects on a Free Convection Flow through A Porous Medium Bounded by a Vertical Surface 

Author Name  : Dr.M.C. Raju, S. Vijaya Kumar Varma , N.Anandareddy 

Synopsis  : 

In this paper the effects of radiation on a free convection flow bounded by a vertical surface embedded in porous medium is studied. The problem is solved analytically and the expressions for velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction and rate of heat and mass transfer are derived and the effects of various physical parameters like radiation parameter F, Grashof number Gr, modified Grashof number Gm, Prandtl number Pr, permeability of the porous medium k are studied though graphs and tables.

Experimental investigation of the effect of the Earth's magnetic field on blood clot and plaque formation in human cardiovascular system

Vol. 7 No. 2

Year : 2012

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Experimental investigation of the effect of the Earth's magnetic field on blood clot and plaque formation in human cardiovascular system 

Author Name  : Karim Salehpoor 

Synopsis  : 

Formation of blood clots and plaque in blood vessels, such as in coronary artery disease (CAD), are examples of blood vessel disorders which result from the accumulation of blood components on blood vessel walls.  These disorders are progressive and advance with age; however, they may go unnoticed until an unexpected death occurs.  A better understanding of these diseases and the mechanisms which may be responsible will be extremely helpful in preventing their initiation and progression.  The objective of this study was to examine if the effect of the Earth’s magnetic field on the electrically charged blood components could explain the accumulation of blood components and formation of plaque and blood clots on vessel walls.  An in-depth understanding of such mechanism(s) could offer new methods for treatment or prevention of plaque and blood clot formation in the human vascular system.

Experimental Mixing Parameterization Due to Multiphase Fluid – Structure Interactions

Vol. 5 No. 2

Year : 2010

Issue : Nov-Jan

Title  : Experimental Mixing Parameterization Due to Multiphase Fluid – Structure Interactions 

Author Name  : Ranis N. Ibragimov, Akshin S. Bakhtiyarov , Margaret Snell 

Synopsis  : 

Experimental estimates of the rate at which energy is extracted from the baratropic tide at corrugated sloping topography are presented. To this end, a series of experimental simulations of the process of generation of internal tides (i.e., internal waves of the tidal frequency) over a corrugated slope in stratified fluid were performed. An oceanic interior is modeled as four-layer stratified fluid. The main focus in these studies was to obtain the relation for the potential energy available for mixing as a function of a slope of a corrugated slope. The available potential energy available for partial mixing to the topographic slope was compared with the available potential energy sufficient for complete mixing of the four layers. The experimental data were compared with the analytic results of a linear theory and found in agreement with a recent theoretically predicted scenario showing that the dominant contribution of the energy distribution in internal wave field resides in waves of the lowest allowed frequency.

Utilization of Red Mud and Its Neutralisation for Safe Disposal

Vol. 5 No. 3

Year : 2010

Issue : Feb-Apr

Title  : Utilization of Red Mud and Its Neutralisation for Safe Disposal 

Author Name  : Suchita B. Rai, Kailas L. Wasewar 

Synopsis  : 

The century old technology, the Bayer process remains the most economic means of obtaining alumina from bauxite till date. Worldwide alumina is produced from bauxite by Bayer Process which generates highly alkaline solid waste (pH 12 - 13.5) known as Red Mud. Around 70 million tonnes of red mud per annum is generated world wide of which ~ 4 million tonne of red mud is generated annually in India. Disposal of such a huge quantity of alkaline solid waste is creating a big environmental issue leading to its alternative usage / utilization methods. Several routes of using red mud in effective ways have been tried and extensive research is still going on to find the most suitable and economic way of utilizing the same. It is an iron-rich residue which also contains undigested alumina, titania and sodium aluminosilicates. Indian Red Mud mainly consists of Fe2O3 (35-55 wt %), Al2O3 (16-22 wt %), SiO2 (4-16 wt %), Na2O (3-6 wt %), TiO2 (2-19 wt %), CaO (0.8-4.5 wt %) and other oxides in trace amount depending upon the mineralogy and process parameters used. Red mud is disposed as slurry having a high solid concentration of 30-60% and with a high ionic strength. It is disposed as dry or semi dry material in red mud pond or abandoned bauxite mines. The disposal of the red mud represents a major loss of valuable soda and has a high pH value as a result of the entrained soda.  The environmental concerns which are related to the disposal of red mud are its large quantity which consumes vast areas of land and its causticity. Problems associated with the disposal of red mud waste include its high pH (12-13), alkali seepage into underground water, safety in storage, and alkaline air borne dust impact on plant life. High iron content has also shown scope of metal / value added product recovery from the same. Many special adsorbent / compounds have been developed from red mud for pollution control purpose also. But these applications are not always economically viable because of source and surrounding conditions. So environmentally safe disposal has also been given importance; i.e. neutralization of red mud for safer disposal as well as amendment of red mud to support re-vegetation / vegetation cover in the plant and mine surrounding areas. At present, there is no viable process developed for utilising the bauxite residue, consequently this large quantity of waste material is required to be disposed economically and safely to the environment. In this paper, all different directions of red mud utilization are discussed. The paper also reviews the methods of neutralization for its safe disposal.

A Critical Analysis of Government of India Policy towards Wind Power Developments With Reference to World Scenario

Vol. 6 No. 1

Year : 2010

Issue : Aug-Oct

Title  : A Critical Analysis of Government of India Policy towards Wind Power Developments With Reference to World Scenario 

Author Name  : Shrutidhara Sarma, R.Natarajan , D.P. Kothari 

Synopsis  : 

Energy use is the basic criterion for the development of a country. India is a vast country and its electricity demand is high. But the per capita consumption is low which reflects its demand shortage and pushes it to a world rank of 156 in electricity utilization. This demand, however, could be met if the available renewable resources had been utilized properly. Sometimes it is thought that India’s government policy for wind power is not up to par and India lags behind. If this is the trend, then other countries will surpass India in wind power growth and it will never become a wind superpower. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review India’s wind power growth in comparison to other countries of the world.

Dimensional Analysis for Heap Formation in Spherical Particles with Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety

Vol. 7 No. 1

Year : 2011

Issue : Aug-Oct

Title  : Dimensional Analysis for Heap Formation in Spherical Particles with Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety 

Author Name  : Jasmin Sudha A, M. Kumaresan , J. Harvey 

Synopsis  : 

Dimensional analysis consists of identifying parameters influencing any process and grouping them into a set of independent dimensionless numbers using Buckingham’s pi theorem. It is a powerful tool for correlating data obtained from experiments where each of the controlling parameters is systematically varied.

In this case study, dimensional analysis is applied to study the heap forming characteristics of the core debris generated during a Fuel Coolant Interaction (FCI) following an accident in a fast breeder reactor. The study of debris heaping behaviour on the corecatcher plate is important from recriticality concern and also from cooling considerations to ensure the safety of the reactor main vessel after the accident.  The debris heap is characterized by the static repose angle. The complete set of dimensionless groups defining the heaping phenomenon is derived. It is shown that repose angle of the heap is a function of Particle Reynold’s number (Re), Froude number(Fr) and Archimedes number (Ar) for a system with  geometry and density similitudes.

A set of experiments is conducted with lead spheres in water to mimic the heaping behaviour of core debris on corecatcher plate in sodium, their density ratio being similar. The repose angle is extracted from the digital image of the heap. From the experimental data, the functional dependence of repose angle on Re, Fr and Ar is determined and an empirical correlation is developed using regression analysis.

Fluid-Solid Heat Transfer in Cyclone Heat Exchanger

Vol. 7 No. 1

Year : 2011

Issue : Aug-Oct

Title  : Fluid-Solid Heat Transfer in Cyclone Heat Exchanger 

Author Name  : S. N. Jain, A. K. Goswami , S.A. Raut , V. N. Mawal , Kailas L. Wasewar 

Synopsis  : 

Cyclone separators are well known for their efficiency in separating air-solid mixture. Cyclones are often used for the removal of particles of about 10 µm or more diameters from air streams and also used for separating particles from liquids and for separating liquid droplets from gases. Cyclones can be used for heating solid particles where direct contact with gas is permitted. Since it has potential applications as heat exchangers in fertilizer, polymer powder, pharmaceutical and other industries, study of cyclone as heat exchanger is gaining attention. In present study, experiments are conducted in a cyclone heat exchanger of 160 mm diameter, using sand. The effects of solid feed rate (0.01-0.025 kg/s), cyclone inlet air velocity (5.44-9.1m/s), and particle sizes (196-725 µm) on heat transfer rate, exit solid temperature, heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient were studied. An empirical correlation was proposed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficients based on experimental data. The heat transfer coefficients obtained by correlation in the present study were compared with literature values and it was within an error band of +10% to —8%.

Study on Performance behaviour of PCD Grades on machining A356 alloy containing 10% reinforcement of SiC particles

Vol. 7 No. 1

Year : 2011

Issue : Aug-Oct

Title  : Study on Performance behaviour of PCD Grades on machining A356 alloy containing 10% reinforcement of SiC particles 

Author Name  : N. Muthukrishnan, Kaarmuhilan , S. Karthika 

Synopsis  : 

Aluminum silicon carbide Metal Matrix Composites (Al-MMC) are widely used in aeronautical and automobile industries due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. However the harder reinforcement particles make machining difficult. Tool wear occurs more quickly and reduces the life of the tool. This paper presents the experimental investigation on turning A356 matrix metal reinforced with 10 % by weight of Silicon carbide (SiC) particles of grain size ranges from 24 microns to 55 microns, fabricated in house by stir casting. Fabricated samples were turned on medium duty lathe of spindle power 2 kW with Poly crystalline Diamond (PCD) inserts of 1300, 1500 and 1600 grade exposed to various cutting conditions. Parameters such as power consumed by the main spindle, specific power consumption and machined surface roughness were studied. The result shows better performance of PCD 1500 grade compared with other two grades in all aspects. It is proved that 1300 grade can be used for rough turning and 1500 grade for finish turning. PCD 1600 grade performance also very close to the PCD 1500 grade. Tool wear study also conducted for duration of 30 minutes. SEM images show the tool wear pattern.